E-Business report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

E-Business report - Assignment Example As per the Entertainment and Leisure Software Publishers Association (ELSPA), the UK gaming industry recorded an exchange near 200m 2005 and is on a nonstop tendency. These realities are ideal for the achievement of GameODrome. Being nave, GameODrome needs to contend with a few contenders and demonstrate to the buyer that hitting an arrangement with them is simpler and progressively open. The coming of Internet has radically changed ways of life. E-Marketing is the most recent insurgency in Internet which permits purchasing merchandise while sitting at the advantage of one's home. Numerous organizations currently give their deals and administrations through web. One should know and comprehend different systems of E-showcasing and their job in advancing an organization. E-Marketing comprises of a few hypothetical models, which furnish an organization with the devices to help the fundamental components of advertising, in particular value, advancement, item and spot. The significant models are: Shipper Model: This model is normally utilized by dealers, affiliates, distributer and retailers of products and ventures. It incorporates 24x7 requesting and balanced custom showcasing (embellix, 2000). This would be the most effective answer for GameODrome, as its primary structure. It gives lists which make it simple for the purchaser to pick an item. Sale Model: This model copies the conventional 'offering' model. It actualizes the offering instruments by introducing products and their worth on the web. For GameODrome, this model would not be a quick imminent. Anyway once GameODrome sets up itself in the online business, it can utilize this model to make 'year-end deals' and permit lead firms to sell their products. Producer Model: It is utilized by the makers legitimately to impart to the buyers about their products and enterprises. Offshoot Model: In this model an organization turns into a 'member' of another organization to promote itself or its items and requirements to pay certain sum for utilizing it. This model can function admirably as an auxiliary model for GameODrome. Publicizing Model: In this model, an organization utilizes another site to promote with the utilization of standards. Membership Model: This model is commonly utilized by Online Libraries and Scientific Organizations, where certain sum must be paid as membership charges to see or download any substance offered (commissionjunction.com, nd). Coordinations Model: In this model an organization deals with the calculated exercises of another organization. It is helpful to associations that have a solid toehold and as of now created adequate income. E-Business Implementation The execution of the

Description of The Green Man by Tim Burton Essay

Portrayal of The Green Man by Tim Burton - Essay Example The unpredictable shapes are appeared through the head, neck and shoulder parts just as the shirt. The work of art drawn on peddle with oil and acrylic utilized various lines and shapes to make the general type of a mutilated figure of a man. Short lines were utilized to depict join on the essence of the man notwithstanding the rosy foundation. The painter utilized the essential hues blue, red and yellow just as auxiliary hues like orange and green. Darker shades were utilized around the picture while various tints of various hues were utilized in the picture just as those which are close to pictures that the painter appeared pull in the audiences’ consideration regarding like the nose. Around it are clearly more splendid shades of the foundation, appearing as though a light is coordinated to it. Reinforcing the shade of the nose and eyes, Burton utilized various shades of blue on the shirt, demonstrating it to take after attire that had been worn for quite a while. The red and white covering of the neck pulls in the observers’ eyes to it as well as adds to the diffe rentiating hues and underscores the utilization of the essential hues. In its general structure, the image may not be lovely to take a gander at yet its message can draw in crowds to what could be passed on through

What have you been doing lately

What have you been doing lately So its mid July, Summer is well underway, all the major Holidays have passed (read: the 4th) so whats your favorite blogger up to? I dont know, Ill go ask Yan. But if youre interested in what your 4th or maybe 5th favorite blogger is up to, I can tell you! Besides traveling (and consequently starting several blogs I havent finished) Ive been working on some personal projects like learning objective-C, planning some super cool surprise projects for when I get back to school, and watching lots of How I Met Your Mother, Arrested Development, and Big Bang Theory. Ive also been hiking and exercising a lot, and trying my best not to get burned by the wildfire burning 13 miles south of me. Im also looking forward to being more involved in non-class things this year, like clubs, sports, and teaching classes over IAP. Ive also acquired a pair of skis so I can now freely go and do my favorite outdoor activity! To be honest, Im feeling really MITsick if you can believe it. (Im sure the upperclassmen just vomited in their mouths a little). I miss waking up and looking out and feeling like I could go out and do anything there, I could go make new friends because wed have something in common to talk about or do. Of course when I get back to campus itll be back to IHTFP, but in some weird masochistic way, I miss the tooling until early morning learning all of Multivariable Calculus before I took the final (true story, dont ask, dont do it). But before I know it, sophomore year will be right on top of mestarting next weekend Ill be doing nothing but traveling until I end up back at MIT. So thats pretty much it, doing stuff I cant say, and a lot of programming/designing for cool things for school. Other than that, enjoying the sun, the outdoors, and traveling.

`` I Have A Dream Speech `` By Martin Luther King Jr.

The cynical cycle of enslavement has ravaged on throughout the history s great civilizations; the victor holding reign over the defeated, the enslaved succumbing to the forces of bondage. There has always been, and always will be, a discord between peoples of different groups. Until the advent of modern democracy, the distraughted had no voice which to be heard by the masses. Democracy has paved a way for all citizens to have equality. In 1863, the United States of America joined other nations by emancipating those in bondage. Slavery had begun it’s way out in the modern world. However, due to years of indoctrination and social appropriation, there was a discord between those who were white and those who were colored. One hundred years after the emancipation proclamation was given, there was still social and systemic oppression and discrimination against colored people in American Society. Martin Luther King Jr. was an advocate during the Civil Rights Era who fought for the eq ual treatment of all people. In 1963 MLK gave his timeless â€Å"I have a Dream Speech† that sought to both help bring the end of systematic discrimination in America and to unify the country through love and peace. The two most controversial subjects include politics and religion as these two topics are the pillars which shapes the worldview of every human. Attacking, disagreeing, or attempting to modify one’s political views can entirely disrupt an individual for you are not just attacking an idea, butShow MoreRelatedI Have A Dream Speech By Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1115 Words   |  5 PagesActivist and leader in the Africa American Civil Rights Movement, Martin Luther King Jr, speaks at the Lincoln Memorial to more than 200,000 people where he gives his famous â€Å"I have a Dream† speech, where he calls for the need of equal rights between blacks and whites. King’s purpose is to convince the American people that segregation is wrong and should be changed for future generations, encourage all African Americans into fighting until the end, and that segregation is wrong. He effectivelyRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech By Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.926 Words   |  4 PagesEquality of Some A little over 50 years ago, Reverend Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his â€Å"I have a Dream Speech† in front of thousands addressing the racism in America. Though racism was a big issue in the United States during the 20th century, and may still be in a few areas today, he was not only addressing the problem of it, but the equality of men. In his speech he quoted words directly from the Declaration of Independence stating, â€Å"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live outRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech Written And Spoken By Martin Luther King Jr.1208 Words   |  5 PagesHave you ever wondered why or how politicians, motivational speakers, ministers, teachers and even parents get their message, lesson, or point across? The reason why is rhetoric, the way people chose to convey their message in a persuasive way. The use of different methods to get a message across is what makes politicians, speakers, minister, teachers and parents so successful in wha t they want people to think or do. When a certain person uses rhetoric they use what they know the people in the audienceRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther King Jr s I Have A Dream Speech1480 Words   |  6 PagesMovement, Martin Luther King Jr s I Have A Dream speech was broadcasted across the nation and heard by millions of Americans on August 28, 1963. Throughout the decades, many have promoted the importance of racial equality in America. Leaders such as William J. Clinton, Barack Obama, and George W. Bush have contributed to modern social movements by, doing as Dr. King himself, giving speeches to varying audiences concerning the issue of racial inequality. Above all, Martin Luther King Jr made the strongestRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr: I Have a Dream Speech Critique Essay1251 Words   |  6 PagesI HAVE A DREAM SPEECH CRITIQUE This speech took place on August 28, 1963 millions of citizens, children, law and policy makers attended while 250,000 watched on TV as a Baptist Preacher ,a Boston University Graduate Dr, Martin Luther King stood behind a podium. He established an immediate rapport with an ever changing audience and communicated on a meaningful level, by appealing to moral conscience of Americans standing on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. He gave the rhetorical demandsRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.s I Have a Dream Speech Essay1988 Words   |  8 PagesFigures of Speech, (4) Logos: Nobile Diction, and (5) Logos: Arrangement. Notably, blacks for year’s fought hard to receive equal rights to those whites had. The late 1950s, early 1960s was a turning point for African-Americans with the establishment of the Civil Rights Era. The Civil Rights Era represented a social movement for blacks in hopes of ending racial segregation and discrimination, especially in the Jim Crow Deep South. At th e forefront of this movement was Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who soughtRead MoreI Have A Dream Speech Delivered By Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1016 Words   |  5 Pagesracial discrimination have torn country apart and denied our God-given rights. It’s got to the point where Black people could not stand it anymore, so they fought back for their rights. In 1963, with the event in Birmingham, and the famous â€Å"I Have A Dream† speech delivered by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., which captured the world’s attention and had become the turning point of the Civil Rights Movements. There are many thoughtful citizens who recognize that race relations have shaped and defined ourRead MoreRhetorical Analysis of the I Have a Dream Speech by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.1219 Words   |  5 Pagesthroughout Washington D.C. August 28, 1963 as Martin Luther King Jr. paved the path to freedom for those suffering from racial segregation. It was the day of the March on Washington, w hich promoted Civil Rights and economic equality for African Americans. In order to share his feelings and dreams with the rest of the nation, Martin Luther King Jr. gave his speech encouraging all to overcome racial segregation. Martin Luther King Jr.’s I Have a Dream speech was very effective due to the use of metaphorsRead MoreAnalysis of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.s I Have A Dream Speech619 Words   |  3 Pages28, 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. delivered one of the most famous speeches of all time to an audience of more than 200,000 civil rights supporters on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. In his, â€Å"I have a dream† speech, King addressed his encouragement of white and black people working together to achieve racial peace and harmony. He especially wanted to teach the young blacks that equality could be gained through the use of non-violence. The main reason King used nonviolenceRead MoreObservations On The s I Have A Dream Speech By Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.881 Words   |  4 Pages5 years ago, Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his I Have a Dream Speech on the Washington Mall 47 years ago, and Mother Teresa was born a century ago. Monday: Katrina; Tuesday: I Have a Dream; Today: Mother Teresa After spending a great deal of time on and devoting a good deal of space to the two previous subjects in this series on recent anniversaries, 2005 s devastating Hurricane Katrina and the world-changing 1963 I Have a Dream speech by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., I had looked forward

Selma Book Vs Movie Essay - 1640 Words

As Martin Luther King, Jr. once said, â€Å"The nonviolent approach does not immediately change the heart of the oppressor. It first does something to the hearts and souls of those committed to it. It gives them new self-respect; it calls up resources of strength and courage they did not know they had†. (King) The conflicts met between the Civil Rights Movement protesters and the white people of the South were incredibly gruesome. While peace and equality for African Americans was the driving force of the protests, violence and inhuman resistance was the force of the white people. In the March Trilogy Books, written by John Lewis and Andrew Aydin, and in the movie Selma, written by Paul Webb and directed by Ava DuVernay, we are given a†¦show more content†¦Twenty-one children were injured and four young girls lost their lives that day. [Figure 1] Lewis asked, â€Å"How could our quest for human dignity spawn such evil?† (3:16). Another example that they both showed in common was the tension portrayed at the time of the first attempt to march across the Edmond Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama. Lewis and Hosea Williams led the marchers. As they were walking across the bridge, Williams asked Lewis, â€Å"Can you swim?† (Lewis and Aydin 3:197) as if to insinuate that going over the bridge may be what was to come, not knowing what they were to face at the end of the bridge. Where a crowd of resisters was waiting for them. Even though the marchers faced violent opposition and met with conflict, they continued their demonstrations. The books and the movie displayed controversy throughout. One example is during the first attempt to cross the bridge, when the marchers were met by the Alabama State Troopers. It went very dark, very quick, as the troopers barged towards them, making this day known as â€Å"Bloody Sun day†, March 7, 1965. When asked for his comments in the movie by the press after the merciless attack on the marchers, King says â€Å"While rageful violence continues towards the unarmed people of Selma, while they are assaulted with tear gas and batons like enemy in a war, no citizen of this country can call themselves blameless, for we all bear a responsibility for our fellow man. I am appealing to men and

Not Legal, Not Advisable Free Essays

Matthew is planning to open a manufacturing facility. He is considering a â€Å"Christian-only† hiring policy whereby he would determine to hire only professing, evangelical Christians to work in the facility. He asks you for your advice on the following questions: 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Not Legal, Not Advisable or any similar topic only for you Order Now Would such a policy be legal? If so, under what terms and what might the restrictions be? 2. From a Great Commission perspective, would this policy be advisable? 3. How would your answers change, if at all, if they planned to open a Christian school rather than a manufacturing facility? Not Legal, Not Advisable There are few organizations that are allowed to consider the faith of employees when hiring. Manufacturing facilities is not one of them. Our Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination of religion. As U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (n. d. ) states, the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 â€Å"prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex and national origin† (para. 1). Organizations such as faith-based schools and some charitable organizations are not able to use government funding to assist in their activities if the result advances religion. Education Law Center (2010) states that the First Amendment to the U. S. Constitution â€Å"prohibits Congress and all levels of state and local government form enacting laws respecting an establishment of religion. † Public funds can only be used to support the non-religious services they provide. Opening a manufacturing facility that discriminates against race is also not advisable from a Great Commission Perspective. Romans 2:11 states that â€Å"God shows no favoritism† (NIV). God has created the governing facilities for us to use as needed. Christians would not want others to discriminate against them. There also should not be laws that prohibited the teaching of religious beliefs, therefore I think allowing certain organizations and schools to teach their religion should continue to be allowed. Education Law Center. (2010, June). Integrating Faith-Based Organizations into State-Funded Pre-K Programs. Retrieved from http://www. edlawcenter. org/assets/files/pdfs/publications/IntegratingFaithBasedOrganizations. pdf U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (n. d. ). Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Retrieved November 23, 2012, from http://www. eeoc. gov/laws/statutes/titlevii. cfm How to cite Not Legal, Not Advisable, Essay examples

Trends in Consumer Buying Habits

Digitization = Customization Trends in consumer buying habits There are various changing trends in consumer buying habits. This has been seen in recent years as people become more knowledgeable and demanding (Joshi, 2005, p. 12). Consumer trends have changed and become unpredictable because the current consumer is more informed and knows what he is supposed to get. Information has been spread by various mediums of communication. This has enlightened consumers on their rights as far as choice is concerned. It means that consumers are choosier.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Trends in Consumer Buying Habits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In our case, the approach to marketing has been changing in recent years. This is because companies are supposed to develop products and services that meet the needs of these consumers in both perspectives (Joshi, 2005, p. 15). The marketing concept that has been adopted is not likely to change in any given case because this trend is expected to continue taking shape. Although consumers are distinct in what they prefer, companies are supposed to offer them various versions and models of products so that they do not complain. These concept is not expected to change any time soon because technology is moving forward and allowing companies to customize products and services as per their customers needs (Joshi, 2005, p. 11). Because of this, there are various changes that are expected to take centre stage as far as marketing is concerned. Such changes might include paying more attention to consumers so that one can tell what they are likely to demand. This means that marketing will have to be redefined for consumers to get the right information because they rely on it to make informed decisions in relation to buying goods and services (Joshi, 2005, p. 14). In a broad perspective changes must be made on how companies relate with consumers. Shifts in behavi ors have an impact on the marketing strategy that companies will settle on. These changes in consumer behavior have different impacts. For instance, more technological shifts in behavior will demand that companies embrace the same practice (Joshi, 2005, p. 18). As consumers become more informed about the products that they need to consume, companies should ensure that these specifications and likings are catered for to avoid any disappointments. More consumer changes might demand that companies choose sophisticated ways of marketing their products so that they can reach as many people as possible (Joshi, 2005, p. 14). This means that they have to be more committed in their marketing activities for enhanced sustainability. The shifts in behavior and its impact on overall market strategy There are products that can not allow for product customization. This therefore means that traditional market segmentation and targeting will be more applicable (Joshi, 2005, p. 22). An example of suc h products is some medicinal drugs or the medical industry. A given drug is meant to take care of all patients and there are cases where they can not be compromised to suit a given individual.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This therefore demands that they are supposed to suit the market as they were made rather than them being customized in a given scenario. Although there are trends in consumer buying habits, the fact still remains that patients need these drugs as they are so that they can get well. Customization can only be allowed in small incidences but it is practically impossible. Changing consumer patterns might only be met by engaging in more research to come up with good drugs. This means that consumers are expected to cope up with what has been developed for them as they have no capacity to dictate (Joshi, 2005, p. 24). In this case, consumers will be expec ted to be consistent with what is offered. Changes might be expected in relation to how these drugs are marketed but this will be minimal. It means that marketing will be factual (Joshi, 2005, p. 31). This will occasionally be changed in relation to the drug that is being offered. Marketers will need to be vigilant and ensure that consumers get all the information in relation to a given drug. Shifts in demand for a given drug will make companies to change the way they market their products. Shifts will also be necessitated by increased information about drugs and their importance or the situation at hand and the mood on the ground. Watching MMs Grow MM had developed a new version that targeted adults. This was done by coming up with new appealing colors that were to specifically appeal to the adults (Thompson, 2005, p. 3). Segmentation is mostly done after a good research has been conducted to determine if it is viable to undertake the exercise. It is only through this that a given company will be able to tell if it is in the right basis to do so. These types of research design include; exploratory, casual and descriptive. Exploratory research unearths all the important points, attitudes, behaviors and perceptions in the market about a given situation. This goes into a deep analysis that ensures that there is concrete information. Descriptive research lays more emphasis on the occurrence of a given issue in the market with an aim of carrying out a good analysis’s (Holliday, 2007, p. 5). With this approach, the company can be able to predict the likelihood of an occurrence recurring. Casual research is majorly concerned with knowing the cause- effect relationship in relation to a given market issue. It can be used to test the various market scenarios that a company wants to engage in (Holliday, 2007, p. 14). More so, it can be used to tell if a given change in the design of a product will likely result to an increase in sales. The use of research design in each case is supposed to help the company choose the best decision that will optimize what they had projected to achieve.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Trends in Consumer Buying Habits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, with exploratory design, the company will be able to get the right facts about an undertaking that they would wish to undertake. This helps to take care of all precautionary issues. For a company to make informed decisions about its marketing strategies they are supposed to be well acquitted with what is necessary (Holliday, 2007, p. 8). Descriptive research will help the company to make sound decisions about products and services based on past analysis. This will look at the past history for such activities that other companies have been involved in to tell if the company might be successfu in its endeavors. If they are able to tell the likelihood of a given strategy being successful or not they will be in a good position to enhance success. Causal research will be used by companies to know the relationship (Holliday, 2007, p. 15). This will help it to tell the impact of coming up with changes in a particular way. The company will ultimately be able to tell the expected changes in relation to sales should it decide to make any changes about its product. In order for the company to make the final decision about a given option, it must use the most appropriate research design. Consumer habit analysis is very demanding and as such needs the best research design. Therefore, the most appropriate research design method to use in consumer analysis is exploratory research. As much as other methods are efficient in one way or another, exploratory research tends to give out the right information in relation to attitudes, behaviors and attitudes in a given market (Holliday, 2007, p. 17). These are very important as they ultimately form a habit. Any habit that co nsumers form about a given product will influence their consumption patterns in a large perspective. If a company understands these habits well, it will be in a good position to satisfy their demands. MM might have decided to develop a new version targeting adults after doing a good and extensive consumer habit analysis (Holliday, 2007, p. 13). Though the company saw this as a good strategy, it was not a good segmentation strategy for it to develop a new version targeting adults. Those products have not succeeded as it is very hard to find them in stores or mass merchandisers (Thompson, 2005, p. 5). This implies that the strategy has not helped to make customers demand the products more often than they used to do before. On the other hand, it confirms the held notion that these products are not moving in any way.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Therefore, the company needs to develop a good marketing strategy that will appeal to every consumer and ensure that they are comfortable. In this argument, it is better if they pursued a mass marketing approach to reach a wide base rather than just targeting adults alone. Reference List Holliday, A. R. (2007). Doing and Writing Qualitative Research. London: Sage Publications. Joshi, R, M. (2005). International Marketing. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Ross, J. (2005). Product placement for the whole family. New York: New York Times. Thompson, S. (2005). MM’s Gain Weight, Get New Dye Job. New York: Advertising age. This assessment on Trends in Consumer Buying Habits was written and submitted by user Leyla L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The American Dream

The American Dream Abstract Since those times when America was discovered, many people overflowed to this continent in search of a better life. Those emigrants who hoped to find in America better political, economic, or private life, wanted to realize American Dream. The word â€Å"movement† has a figurative meaning connected with those emigrants from Africa, England, Ireland, Mexico, etc., who arrived in the USA, chasing American Dream.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The American Dream specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What is American Dream? It is a phenomenon that symbolizes the ideal life of the USA population. American freedom includes success and prosperous life for everyone, regardless from the person’s origin or a social class. This idea is based on the United States Declaration of Independence which states that all people are equal, and have equal rights. The practical realization of this dream is one’s ow n house, built on a private land. American Dream is tightly connected with the concept of â€Å"self-made person† that means a person who, with the help of individual hard work, achieves success in his/her life (Schnell 2). Most of the emigrants, who arrived to the USA chasing their American dream, faced hard life, full of challenges and difficulties. Their American Dream was not realized, and they either died or resigned themselves to the dreadful way of life. Thesis: The evasive American Dream rouses people to the unfulfilling reality. Introduction The American Dream is United States’ national ideal. It offers freedom and a promise of prosperity in which life should get better and richer for everyone. It promises a fair chance for everyone with ability, without regard of social class or birth. Jennifer Hochschild succinctly defines the American dream as a set of â€Å"tenets about achieving success†. According to President Bill Clinton, the American dream requ ires an individual to work hard to get a chance at advancement. Simply put, it is a persons’ attempt to achieve wealth and success through hard work and thrift. However, the American dream has remained difficult for many to achieve for a wide variety of reasons (Cullen 124).Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Living the American dream is the ultimate dream for most of the American citizens and those aspiring to acquire American citizenship. However, the American dream has turned out to be a nightmare for them. For many nowadays, the American dream has been rendered dead. Many who opted to get decent jobs better housing better health facility formal education etc. have languished to deteriorated living standards. Wages for many of the citizens have stagnated or fallen. Many authors have expressed failure of the American dream in their works. This theme is also v ery common in many contemporary works. Education, Employment, Healthcare, Housing and the American dream Many of those who sought better education resorted to working instead of studying. Financing education for many of the American citizens has become a heavy burden for them. US has the best education facilities and the best education system together with high technology, hence accessing this is quite an uphill task to those wishing to access this. Unemployment has been the nature of the day many American citizens facing layoffs due to economic recessions. In addition, they are left to seek casual jobs to meet their end needs. With the minimal income of up to $40000 per year, they are unable to keep up with the high taxation bills and mortgage. This is due to the difficulty in economic mobility in the US. Many employed citizens have stagnated and unable to climb the economic ladder. Nevertheless the rise in economic inequality has contributed too many citizens missing out on the ec onomic reward that comes with success. Health services are also a serious concern. Even though America has the best health facility in the world, health care is a chronic problem to many American citizens. For those who are uninsured it has been a nightmare accessing these health facilities. Very few citizens are provided with this basic necessity by their employment companies. This has resulted to the sprouting of two health care systems for the haves and the have-nots (Bloom 93). Housing is another factor that makes the American dream hard to achieve. Hunger and homeless is increasing every day street families are on the rise daily. As a result, they sleep and depend on the garbage sites. The state has constructed home for the poor to cater for these street families. This has done little to reduce their ever growing numbers Poor housing state has hit almost one quarter of the US citizens. It is extremely difficult for the US citizens to own homes; this has prompted them to rely on mortgages. Many of them are unable to keep up with the mortgage hence face being evicted from their homes. Others spend the rest of their lives paying up the mortgage. The housing policy in the US has failed to provide a level ground for all citizens and those aspiring to acquire citizenship there to acquire this basic need.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The American Dream specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More American dream and the works of Denis Johnson and Raymond Carver Jesuss Son Denis Johnson Jesus Son is an anthology of eleven interlinked short stories, which are all narrated by the same character; a broken alcohol and heroin addict. The narrator (and protagonist) interacting with disturbed, drug addicts. Ultimately sympathetic characters of these linked stories. We follow the narrator through eleven short stories that revolve around wild incidents under the influence of drugs. Car Crash While Hitchhiking This is the opening story in the book. The narrator is involved in a traffic accident while hitchhiking. This bleak story takes a positive turn when the narrator rescues a baby trapped in a wrecked vehicle. He ends up in hospital. Work The narrator describes a fight with his girlfriend at the start of this story. He then meets an interesting character named Wayne in a bar. He goes on a job with Wayne to tear down the walls of his old house to take out the copper wires and sell them. While so engaged, they see a naked red headed woman hang gliding. She is Wayne’s wife. Beverly Home This is the last story in the collection. This story follows the narrator’s life after he has undergone drug rehabilitation. The narrator works as a newsletter writer in a nursing home. With all the patients suffering in some way, the narrator seems to have found a place to fits in. He is obsessed with a Mennonite woman he overhears singing. As a result of his occupation at the home and his relat ionship with the Mennonite lady, the narrator finds acceptance. The narrator seemed destined for an incongruous ending. The story has an interesting and poignant ending. Through all of these stories, we see a hidden spirituality in the characters and so the ending of the book, while surprising, is inevitable. The stories take place in different settings and give the reader a detailed description of the narrator’s outcast friends. We see him in myriad predicaments and at all stations of his life. The characters in these stories are all addicts in some way. These drugs and alcohol are the only certain factors of the narrator’s life. The settings of the stories are as varied as the narrator’s friends. The settings cover from Iowa, to Seattle to Phoenix. The narrator does not reveal anything about his past to the reader. The narrator only divulges aspects of his self through his words and his many incarnations. He surrounds himself with a coterie of lowlifes who dwe ll in a bleak and violent American reality. The surreal quality, the intense fragility, of the narration is striking in Jesus’s Son. This voice does not seem to alter even when narrating the violent episodes that litter the stories.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Cathedral -Raymond Carver This narration short story opens with the narrator anticipating his wife’s blind visitor. He has many reservations about the visit. His narration reveals his prejudiced nature. He does not make any effort to engage the blind man, Robert, in conversation, and choses to remain aloof. Not unlike the characters in Carvers stories, the main character in Cathedral is subconsciously alienated and lonely. The narrator is unsatisfied with his occupation, and has petty resentments towards his wife. He does not get attached to people. The narrator is essentially blind, unaware of his actions and their effect on others. He lives in unique oblivion, isolated from others by his prejudice and beliefs. The narrator disdains his visitor for no other reason but his sightlessness. He carelessly throws rude stereotypes into the conversation. This bias, to the extent that he refers to the visitor simply as ‘the blind man’, reveals his misplaced feelings of s uperiority. The narrator betrays his opinion that Robert’s life must be far inferior since he has no sight. The narrator finally comes to realize that he, and not Robert, is actually blind. Despite his handicap, Robert has made the most of life. He has travelled and educated himself by listening to educational television programs and reading books. Robert continues to better himself, unlike the narrator who has stagnated in his smug self-satisfaction. The narrator appears unmotivated, is a habitual drug user and does not seek to improve himself. The narrator sees Robert as a temporary imposition on his life, a trifling inconvenience. Robert, however, enables him to become self-aware. The narrator attempts to describe a cathedral he has just seen on TV to Robert. Robert asks him to draw it with him instead. It is here, with narrator closing his eyes and Robert holding his hand, that the narrator experiences an epiphany. By drawing the cathedral with Robert, the narrator has be come open to a completely new world. Before the drawing, the narrator had a strong bias towards Robert. Yet this time the narrator feels a difference between the two. The narrator feels liberated saying, â€Å"I didnt feel like I was inside anything (Carver 13). The narrators experience with Robert allows him to view his life from an entirely new vantage point. When the drawing is complete, the narrator keeps his eyes closed and continues to use the experience as an awakening. The narrator now realizes that life is really something (Carver 13) and he would benefit from changing his lifestyle. Ironically, it is through his experience with a visual impaired man, that Robert is introduced to an entirely new perspective on life. Raymond Carver’s â€Å"Preservation† and the American dream. Preservation by Raymond Carver is a story about working class white Americans who are bemused and fed up with the American dream that they see on the television. These working class Amer icans have always hoped to achieve this dream, although so far in their toil they have never even set their eyes on it. The characters in this story have never protested against these disappointments and disillusionment in the American dream. Instead, they channel their views and anxieties of the dream to drugs and alcohol. They have focused their attention to the day-to-day details of their lives as opposed to struggling to achieve the American dream. In Caver’s story, Preservation, lacking a job in America implies lacking a name. The unnamed husband in the story, who is also unemployed, has recently been retrenched form his job that involves putting up roof tops on new houses. He was having difficulty finding a new job â€Å"His face began to sweat as he tried to describe to Sandy the milling crowd of men and women down there in the unemployment office (Carver 36). The husband in this story becomes numb, and Sandy, his wife, just stands there helpless. She observes her hus band as a compilation of body parts that are becoming less powerful by the minute: Her husband’s bare feet stuck out from one end of the sofa. At the other end, on a pillow which lay across the arm of the sofa, she could see the crown of his head. She saw his head down on the pillow that lay across the arm of the sofa. He adjusted the pillow under his head and put his hands behind his neck. Then he lay still. Soon she saw his arms move down to his sides†¦. His eyes were shut. His chest seemed to rise and then fall (Carver 44). Each time Sally looks at her husband, repetition of the words hands, sofa, head, feet, and TV occur. These words together with the husband’s body parts are depicted like having equal weight. His arms or eyes’ depiction is not any different with the sofa or the newspaper. This lack of distinction between her husband, who she sees as body parts, and the nonliving objects around him is the leading conflict in this story. â€Å"Her husba nd- who is almost reclining, living now in the living room- is becoming a vegetable, an object, separated into parts, in the field of their home† (Carver 46). Sandy’s memories, of men who contribute nothing in the lives around them, are used metaphorically to relate to her husband who is slowly getting into that category. She recalls of her friend’s story about an uncle who went to bed at 40 and was still alive 63 years later. The uncle used to cry each day winning about his fear of getting old. She also recalls he father, who after divorcing her mother, bought a car in an auction and later died in it after inhaling carbon monoxide from the car (â€Å"He stayed in the car until someone found him a few days later.†) These memories follow one another and put emphasis on the failure of the American dream, making men useless in front of their families. The husband in this story is preserved by lying on the sofa, although he has no job. His wife realized just h ow useless he has become, how apart they are drifting from each other, and how his job, Freon and energy has been lost. In as much as families have gained a massive amount of disillusionment in the American dream, they still hope that something will happen and make that dream a reality. Sally hopes that someone might turn up and offer her husband a job, or that she might buy a new refrigerator before everything in the house spoils. Conclusion The American dream is a public vision that involves America’s identity. The American dream has turned into a myth that is inconsequential as far as the socioeconomic identity of America is presently concerned. The American dream refers to the act of pursuing happiness by every person as shown in the Declaration of Independence. The American dream is more of an ideology that is rooted in the mind of people. With thus the American dream is just a mere mirage to the many people aiming for it around the world (Palecek 58). Bloom Harold. The American dream. Kansas: Infobase Publishing, 2009. Print. Carver, Raymond. Fires: Essays, Poems, Stories. New York: Random, 1972. Cullen, Jim. The American dream: A short history of the idea that shaped a nation. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. Print. Palecek, Mike. The American Dream. New York: CWG Press, 2006. Print Schnell, Hildegard. The American Dream. GRIN Verlag, 2010. 1-3.

3 Examples of Restructuring In-Line Lists

3 Examples of Restructuring In-Line Lists 3 Examples of Restructuring In-Line Lists 3 Examples of Restructuring In-Line Lists By Mark Nichol â€Å"In-line list† is simply a fancy term for a list of things in a sentence that aren’t treated as a vertical list- that is, a list formatted so that each item is positioned below the previous one (often with a number, letter, bullet, or other symbol to set the items off visually from each other and sometimes represent a hierarchy or sequence). As with vertical lists, careless organization of list items in in-line lists results in syntactically flawed sentences such as those shown below. However, as opposed to vertical lists, which often err in grammatical inconsistency of the items, in-line lists are often marred by a poor organization of list items (and items in lists within lists) and incorrect use of transitional elements such as conjunctions and punctuation marks. A discussion and a revision after each example explains the error and illustrates a solution. 1. The category includes those with low incomes, poor credit history, inadequate documentation, or those living with a disability, illness, or those with a criminal record. This sentence unhelpfully makes no distinction between three categories of list items: financial, medical, and legal complications. The revision reorganizes the unstructured collection of six items into these categories: â€Å"The category includes those with low incomes, poor credit history, or inadequate documentation, those living with a disability or illness, or those with a criminal record.† (Because one category itself constitutes a list of three items, some writers may prefer to mark the three larger divisions with semicolons rather than commas, but because of the repetitive phrasing beginning with those, the more potent punctuation is not necessary.) 2. They build large capital reserves, have great relationships with their lenders, and trusting relationships with their customers, vendors, and shareholders. Here, five elements are syntactically structured as a list, but the third item (which itself refers to three things) lacks a verb, so the sentence structure is flawed: â€Å"They build large capital reserves, have great relationships with their lenders, and have trusting relationships with their customers, vendors, and shareholders.† (Similar to the previous example, because the distinct items are clearly indicated by parallel use of verbs, no hand-holding replacement of commas with semicolons is necessary in this case.) Another option is to revise this sentence using conjunctions in place of some punctuation marks: â€Å"They build large capital reserves and have great relationships with their lenders and trusting relationships with their customers, vendors, and shareholders.† 3. Do we have a great team, a strong road map, and the required processes, systems and alliances, and sufficient resources to sustain our journey?      In this case, the sentence is almost correct, but qualifying resources with sufficient renders it a syntactical orphan. The simplest solution is to omit the adjective and allow resources to share required with the items that precede it: â€Å"Do we have a great team and a strong road map, as well as the required processes, systems and alliances, and resources to sustain our journey?†Ã‚   If you feel that resources does not belong with the other items as shown in the revision above, consider this solution: â€Å"Do we have a great team and a strong road map- as well as the required processes, systems and alliances- and resources to sustain our journey?† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comparative Forms of AdjectivesComma Before ButThrew and Through

Introduction to Financial Accounting Assignment

Introduction to Financial Accounting - Assignment Example Investors adopt this trading strategy because they would want to make big profits in as less time as possible, particularly when they perceive stocks as being overpriced. To short sell, an investor must have a margin account with the broker, for which the investor has to meet the initial margin requirement which is a proportion of the total investment that has to be paid in cash. For e.g., if an initial margin requirement is 50% on the total investment of  £10, 000 then an investor has to pay  £5000 in cash which is initial margin deposit and can borrow the rest of the amount. 1(f) Margin trading is purchasing stocks by borrowing money from the broker. For margin trading, an investor would need a margin account which has a specific initial and maintenance margin requirement (Reilly and Brown, 2003, p. 128). Investors opt for margin trading because it provides them with financial leverage or in other words, increases their buying power. If the margin in the account falls below the maintenance margin, the broker calls the investor to put in more cash in the account so that the margin can be maintained. This is known as a margin call (Reilly and Brown, 2003, p. 128) Therefore the range of maintenance margin values within which I will not get a margin call is values lesser than  £184652.9 and equal to or greater than  £163052.75 during the entire investment period. 2 (d) In order to find out if diversification would reduce the risk of the portfolio, the correlation of assets must be studied (Reilly and Brown, 2003, p. 245). The greater the number of negatively correlated assets in a portfolio, the lesser will be the risk. RSS and BLT correlation coefficient is 0.3637 which shows that the two stocks are moderately correlated, that might not help much in diversifying the risk of the portfolio.

To what extent did the invasion of Iraq in March 2003 signify a change Essay

To what extent did the invasion of Iraq in March 2003 signify a change in the way that force is used in international relations - Essay Example An urge to conduct an investigation in Iraq emerged when the Iraq government attacked US in the year in 2001. The US government felt vulnerable, especially after this attack that is believed to have been an operation of Al-Qaeda, one of the rogue groups in Iraq. The US government felt vulnerable and feared that the Iraq government would use the weapons of mass destruction against the US government. Another fear was that with these weapons available in Iraq, the Al-Qaeda group would access them and conduct a more severe attack than one of 2001. Thus, the US felt the need to launch an effective operation to inspect and disarm the Iraq government of any weapons of mass destruction that they could be holding. Although many felt that the rumour on the presence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq was a mere speculation, the UN team engaged a powerful gear to unravel the truth of the matter. In 2002, the plan of inspection was underway and there was light that the Iraq government would comply with the inspection plan. On the other hand, the US government felt that this process was slow and that there was a need to hasten the process to avoid the looming threat that the weapons would be used against the US. In essence, they felt that the UN and the international bodies were slow in neutralizing a threat that would have dire consequences on US. However, the international body insisted that it was important to give Iraq sometime to comply with the demands of the inspection as there was still hope that the process would succeed. Even a number of the US allies accepted that this was not a time of war as there was no any evidence that there was any destructive weapon. Despite the efforts of many countries and international bodies to stop US from engaging Iraq in a war, the US government declared a war in the country and organized their troops

South China Sea And East China Sea Disputes Politics Essay

South China Sea And East China Sea Disputes Politics Essay During introduction the paper will draw the aspects related to South China Sea and later on East China Sea issues will be pointed out. The South China Sea is strategically an enormously important region. Dominance over it is claimed by states of Brunei, China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan and Vietnam.  [1]  While China has, over the last 20 years, made general progress towards improving relations with its Southeast Asian neighbours, growing tensions over these competing rights threaten to challenge its effectiveness. Since the military exercises performed by Chinese ships against the US ocean surveillance ship USNS Impeccable in March 2009 in the South China Sea, situation attracted greater diplomatic and press consideration  [2]  . Some observers see Chinas behaviour in the South China Sea as a sign of assertive diplomacy.  [3]  The sovereignty disputes are more than disputes over who owns particular landscapes. They: involve major themes of grand strategy and territorial defence, including the protection of sea lines of communication, energy, food and environmental security. They may also be linked to rising populist nationalism. The stakes are too high for imminent resolution; the rulers of states with maritime territorial claims in the South China Sea are convinced that compromise is not in their national interest.  [4]   Actors (also states without claims and non-state actors, such as energy companies) focus not so much on dispute resolution but rather on dispute management, with the aim of preventing conflict and preserving freedom of navigation and over flight. The non-binding Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea, signed in November 2002 by China and by 10 ASEAN member states, dedicates the parties to work towards adopting a legally binding law whilst exercising self-restraint in the conduct of activities that would complicate or escalate disputes   [5]   One must point out that the obligation to self-restraint has not put an end to unannounced and potentially provocative reinforcement of already occupied islands.  [6]  While diplomats on all sides points out the weaknesses of 2002 declaration, some states undertook one-sided military, bureaucratic and jurisdictional initiatives in the South China Sea, with the sole purpose of changing the political and military status quo.  [7]  One must say, that Chinas initiatives have been particularly prominent.  [8]  Following the Impeccable incident, Washington has been paying increased attention to developments in the South China Sea.  [9]  Although careful to loose its distance regarding sovereignty disputes, the United States has more aggressively highlighted its interest in protecting the free transit of vessels, both commercial and military.  [10]  Such passage is vital for Americas position in Asia, for the integrity of its regional security, and for its ability to obs erve Chinese military developments.  [11]  The US desire to retain this ability to monitor Chinese military development, including the developing Chinese naval base on Hainan, and the Chinese rejection of this right, might be one of the main factors behind the rising tensions.  [12]  In testimony to the Senate Armed Services Committee in March 2009, the commander of the US Pacific Command, Admiral Timothy Keating, argued that : The Impeccable incident was a troubling indicator that China, particularly in the South China Sea, is behaving in an aggressive and troublesome manner, and theyre not willing to abide by acceptable standards of behaviour or rules of the road   [13]   Moreover, in July 2009, the US Senate Committee on Foreign Relations held hearings on Maritime disputes and sovereignty issues in East Asia to observe how these were impacting on the region and US interests there. In January 2010, the new commander of the Pacific Command, Admiral Robert F. Willard, highlighted to Congress how Chinese naval patrols in the South China Sea had shown an : increased willingness to confront regional nations on the high seas and within the contested island chains  [14]   In February, the US-China Economic and Security Review Commission held an all-day hearing on Chinas activities in Southeast Asia, with experts reporting about Chinas growing belligerence in the South China Sea and advising that the United States needed to engage more with the region to protect its interests, including taking a more active interest in dispute management.  [15]  Concerns over Chinas actions in these waters continued to grow through 2010. At the ASEAN Regional Forum in Hanoi in July 2010, US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton made the strongest and most direct public statement of US engagement on the issue to date, declaring that the United States had : a national interest in open access to Asias maritime commons and respect for international law in the South China Sea.  [16]   Calling for a collaborative diplomatic process, she highlighted US opposition to the use or threat of force by any claimant, a remark aimed primarily at China.  [17]   This is clashes directly with Chinas recent statement that the South China Sea is its core interest.  [18]  Tension was raised when the joint naval and air drills conducted by the US and South Koreaee in the Yellow Sea in July and August 2010 where conducted  [19]  In response, the Chinese Peoples Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) carried out military exercises in the South China Sea and the Yellow Sea. At the same time, there have been renewed tensions in the East China Sea. On 7 September 2010, two Japanese Coast Guard patrol ships collided with a Chinese fishing boat while they carried out law enforcement activities in the waters off the Diaoyu/ Senkaku Islands.  [20]  Chinese captain Zhan Qixiong was detained on the order of an Okinawa local court, sparking demonstrations in Beijing and diplomatic protests from China  [21]  On the day of the collision, Chinas Foreign Ministry spokeswoman, Jiang Yu, demanded that: Japanese patrol boats refrain from so-called law enforcement activities in waters off the Diaoyu Islands.  [22]   The Japanese ambassador to China was summoned six times over the incident, once by Chinese State Councillor Dai Bingguo. The event was not resolved until China suspended diplomatic and civilian exchanges with Japan and threatened to stop rare earth exports  [23]   Of course, these events may ultimately prove to be just minor indifferences in diplomatic relations. Whatever the ultimate significance, these developments raise fundamental questions about the future directionality of territorial disputes in Chinas borderline seas. Particularly the importance of the disputes between China, Japan, and the ASEAN nations. The thing is that given their close geographical proximity, disputes in these regions have very different dynamics.  [24]  In both cases, China, as a dominant power, is an important claimant state. In the East China Sea, on the opposite side of the ocean from China, is Japan, another major regional power in East Asia. Their mutual relationship is strained due to such factors as their competition for regional leadership and the historical memories of animosity between them.  [25]   So far, there has been no military conflict between them per se as a result of the territorial dispute, but political tensions have been intense.  [26]  In the South China Sea, China faces a group of ASEAN nations (including Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Vietnam) that represent a more asymmetric balance of power when compared with the East China Sea. Given the long-standing nature of these disputes, these frameworks enable us to track the record of conflicts and the shifts in the relative power balances of the claimants, eventually leading to the conclusion that certainty and stability have improved in the South China Sea, with the converse outcomes happening in the East China Sea. 2. Core National Interest According to Edward Wong, the Beijing-based correspondent for The New York Times: In March [2010], Chinese officials told two visiting senior Obama administration officials, Jeffrey A. Bader and James B. Steinberg, that China would not tolerate any interference in the South China Sea, now part of Chinas core interest of sovereignty, said an American official involved in China policy. It was the first time the Chinese labelled the South China Sea a core interest, on par with Taiwan and Tibet, the official said.  [27]   There were no U.S. officials denying the NYT report. Its is clear the Chinese are trying to distance themselves from their self-imposed policy on this one  [28]  . In March, Assistant Minister of Foreign Affairs Cui Tiankai told two senior U.S. officials that China now views its claims to the 1.3 million-square-mile sea on par with its claims to Tibet and Taiwan, an island that China says belongs to Beijing.  [29]   Once the remarks were reported in public Chinese officials felt constrained about denying outright that the South China Sea was a not core national interest for fear of provoking a domestic backlash among Chinese nationalists. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has disclosed that at the 2nd U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue in Beijing (24-25 May 2010) the Chinese stated they viewed the South China Sea as a core interest. Clinton stated in an interview: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦and when China first told us at a meeting of the Strategic and Economic Dialogue that they viewed the South China Sea as a core interest, I immediately responded and said, We dont agree with that. So they were on notice that if they were Question: Was that Dai Bingguo that said that to you? Yes, yeah. So if they were in the process of extending their efforts to claim and control to the detriment of international law, freedom of navigation, maritime security, the claims of their neighbors, that was a concerning matter. And therefore, we worked with a lot of the ASEAN countries who are directly impacted and 12 of us raised it a the ASEAN Regional Forum last July to make it clear that issues like that have to be resolved in accordance with the rule of law.  [30]   Since the initial report, Chinese officials have been equivocal when questioned whether or not the South China Sea has been raised officially to a core interest or core national interest. For example, a correspondent who attended the Shangri-la Dialogue in Singapore in June 2010 stated that a Peoples Liberation Army Major General told him the South China Sea : was not quite the same as Tibet or Taiwan.  [31]   The Chinese media frequently use the term core interest, particularly in the July- August 2010 period.  [32]  For example, an editorial in a leading English-language paper asserted: Chinas tolerance was sometime taken advantage of by neighbouring countries to seize unoccupied islands and grab natural resources under Chinas sovereignty. Chinas long-term strategic plan should never be taken as a weak stand. It is clear that military clashes would bring bad results to all countries in the region involved, but China will never waive its right to protect its core interest with military means.  [33]   A review of Chinese academic and media commentary on this question concluded: While no Chinese official has spoken about what core national interests means, there is a growing chorus from within the country for the Peoples Liberation Army to defend these core interests in the disputed region. Recent news coverage has brought the term core national interests into the same spotlight as national sovereignty: and territorial integrity and raises the issue of how China defines the term and what it covers.  [34]   Walter Lohman, an expert with Washington-based Heritage Foundation, determined that : Chinas characterization of South China Sea as a core interestà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ is just a big misunderstanding or in the process of being walked back by the Chinese.  [35]   As a result of the foregoing, Chinese assertiveness in the South China Sea has generated special concerns.  [36]  In March 2010, U.S. media reported that Chinese officials told senior State Department envoys that the South China Sea had been elevated to a core interest along with Taiwan and Tibet and China would not tolerate any interference in the South China Sea.  [37]  Chinese officials repeated this assertion in private conversations with foreign diplomats and the term core interest was used in Chinese media reports. These statements generated a new level of concern about Beijings strategic ambitions in the South China Sea. Subsequently, Chinese officials backtracked and now deny making such a statement .  [38]  Still , the issue remained as valid. 3.Legal aspects A) Nature and Status of the South China Sea Claims The vast South China Sea region also includes island chains and submerged reefs that have been the subject of disputes, including the Spratly Islands, the Paracel Islands and Macclesfield Bank.) The area became a possible target for exploration by multinational oil companies. In addition, the likelihood of conflict has increased as international maritime laws have slowly been codified and institutionalized following World War II. Motivated by the desire to extend control over sea-based resources, neighbouring states in the area have increasingly come into verbal conflict and even sporadic military confrontations over sovereignty, sovereign rights, jurisdiction, and arms control efforts in the South China Sea.  [39]   During the 1980s and 1990s, most of the disputing states have found themselves in a race to bolster their claims to sovereignty by gaining occupation of the islands that can support a physical presence or by establishing markers on the islands where physical occupation is not feasible.  [40]  In some cases claimants have even built structures on features that are completely submerged at high tide, maintaining a physical presence on these island specks under arduous and mind-numbing physical conditions. Currently, Vietnam occupies more than twenty islets or rocks, China occupies eight, Taiwan one, the Philippines eight, and Malaysia three to six.  [41]   The race for occupation of the Spratly Islands has increased the likelihood of international conflict, resulting in three cases of military intimidation in recent years (setting aside Chinas use of military force against Vietnamese troops to enforce its claim to the Paracels in 1974), the first of which led to military conflict.  [42]  This confrontation occurred between the Chinese and Vietnamese over the occupation of Fiery Cross Reef (Yung Shu Jiao) in 1988, at which time the PRC sank three Vietnamese vessels, killing seventy-two people.  [43]  In 1992 the Chinese announcement of an oil exploration concession to the U.S. Crestone Company, combined with the occupation of Da Lac Reef and subsequent deployment of three Romeo-class conventional submarines to patrol the area, aroused alarms among the ASEAN states, which had just called for the non-use of force in resolving the Spratly Islands dispute in the Manila Declaration on the South China Sea.  [44]  The third inciden t began with the discovery that the Chinese had occupied Mischief Reef (Meijijiao/Panganiban), a circular reef well within the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the Philippines (following the Philippines announcement of a desktop oil exploration concession in the Mischief Reef area), and involved encounters between military vessels from the Philippines and the PRC in March and April 1995. It was the aptly named Mischief Reef confrontation that has catalyzed the most recent wave of interest and concern over the Spratly Islands issue. That concern was reinforced by PRC military pressures against Taiwan. B)International Laws Related to the Dispute The documentary background for the various territorial claims in the South China Sea is quite thin, and the historical records are often contradictory.  [45]  None of the claimants offers unassailable historical or legal claims. The International Court of Justice (ICJ) has used effective occupation and discovery as primary considerations in evaluating the legitimacy of island territorial claims, although a features location, its history, and whether other claimants have a record of protesting illegal occupation may be considered in determining the legitimacy of sovereignty claims to particular features.  [46]  Separate from the issues of who owns the islands and rocks and whether the submerged reefs of the Spratly Islands can themselves generate maritime zones is the question of whether the islands can sustain human habitation or economic life of their own, the minimum criterion for an island to generate its own continental shelf or EEZ  [47]  . Even if human life can be sustained, islands carry less weight than continental borders in generating EEZs under the prevailing interpretations of the Law of the Sea. Artificial islands on which structures have been built are entitled to a 500-meter safety zone, but they cannot generate a territorial sea, much less a continental shelf or EEZ. Features that appear only at low tide can generate a partial twelve-mile territorial sea only if they are within twelve nautical miles of any feature that generates a territorial sea. Features submerged at low tide are not subject to sovereignty claims and generate no maritime zones at all. The acceptance by the disputing parties of the prevailing interpretation of these provisions to islands in the South China Sea has the potential to greatly reduce the area of overlapping claims, since some disputants have based their claims on an interpretation that the features themselves can generate an EEZ of up to 200 nautical miles. A strict interpretation of the Law of the Sea provision regarding a features ability to sustain human habitation or economic life of their own may well leave few if any of the features in the Spratly Islands able to generate an EEZ, greatly reducing the potential area of overlapping claims. Even if these islands were capable of generating an EEZ, it is unlikely that they would be considered able to generate one of 200 nautical miles.  [48]  After sovereignty of the islands is decided, the question of how EEZs might be defined is critical to determining the size and scope of the areas where negotiations might be necessary to resolve territorial disputes. The Law of the Sea Convention stipulates that in areas where EEZs overlap, the dispute should be settled through peaceful negotiation among the parties concerned, or the parties might voluntarily agree to third-party mediation or to judicial consideration by the ICJ. There is a slowly evolving body of international legal precedents for evaluating the validity of various claims based on the Law of the Sea, and many disputants have found creative ways to avoid sensitive sovereignty issues through limited bilateral joint resource development schemes. The Chinese and Vietnamese claims to sovereignty i n the South China Sea are both based on historical claims of discovery and occupation.  [49]  The Chinese case is better documented, but the extent of the Chinese claims remains ambiguous and contradictory.  [50]  The Japanese occupied the Spratly Islands during World War II and used the island of Itu Aba (Taiping Dao) as cover for surveillance and as a supply depot, but the Japanese claim lapsed with their defeat in World War II.  [51]  Taiwans claims to Chinese ownership of the South China Sea are similar to those of the PRC, and there has been some evidence of coordination of positions on the Chinese claims in the Indonesian Workshops on the South China Sea. The Philippine claim is based on the discovery of the unclaimed islands of Kalayaan (Freedomland) by an explorer, Tomas Cloma, in 1956. This is one of the most challenged claims, and the U.S.-Philippines security commitment has been consistently interpreted by the United States as excluding Kalayaan. The Malaysian claim is based on its continental shelf claim. The Bruneian claim is also based on a straight-line projection of its EEZ as stipulated by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea.  [52]   C) Chinas Claims over the Spratly Islands in detail Rightly or wrongly, many Western academics have emphasized Chinas approach to handling its claims in the South China Sea as a critical test of Beijings role as a regional and global power in Asia in the twenty-first century.  [53]   In particular, many ASEAN analysts worry that China has since the late 1980s been working to acquire a blue-water navy and other offensive force projection capabilities, such as longer-range aircraft, aerial refueling capabilities, and more modern, harder-to-detect submarine technology, with potential negative implications for the security interests of neighboring countries in Southeast Asia. The Peoples Liberation Army navy has adopted a strategic doctrine of offshore active defense.  [54]  This doctrine envisions a midterm (10-15 years) ocean-going naval capability in which the PLA navy would be able to assert effective control of the seas within the first island chain, presumably including Taiwan and the South China Sea.  [55]  Although the Chinese navy is currently limited in its offshore capabilities and although development of indigenous production capability is taking place at a rather slow pace, concerns among Southeast Asian countries about the future development of the PLAs force projection capabilities have heightened ASEAN sensitivities to Chinese naval actions in the South China Sea region. Off-the-shelf purchases of foreign military technology such as SU-27s, Kilo-class submarines, and other military equipment from Russia that could speed up Chinas military development have attracted notice from Chinas neighbors; however, the time required to learn new technologies and integrate them into Chinas existing force structure and to make them operational suggests that any increase in Chinas military capacity will be incremental rather than dramatic  [56]  . In response, some Southeast Asian countries have begun to take limited but significant military modernization steps of their own, meant to enhance their command and control capabilities, thereby creating the potential for a regional arms race around the South China Sea. There is conflicting analysis of Chinas strategy and tactics in pursuing its claims to the Spratly Islands area. Given t he PRCs limited capability to take and hold the islands it claims, some see a pattern of hot-and-cold tactics by China that is intended to throw the other claimants off balance until the PRC is able to enforce its claim through intimidation or force.  [57]  These analysts point to Chinese salami tactics, in which China tests the other claimants through aggressive actions, then backs off when it meets significant resistance.  [58]  Chinas ambiguity on the extent and nature of its claims is regarded as a tactical plot to stall or defer any attempt to achieve a negotiated settlement until China is prepared to get what it wants through military strength.  [59]   Other analysts emphasize that while the political issue of sovereignty is a particularly sensitive one during a period of political transition in Beijing, the top goal of the PRC leadership for the foreseeable future is to maintain a stable environment conducive to Chinas economic development. These analysts assert that Chinas defense strategy of active defense is still focused primarily on continental defense and the ability to react to localized conflicts.  [60]  Chinas actions in the Spratly Islands area are seen as primarily defensive, preserving Chinas options vis-à  -vis the other claimants as the Law of the Sea is applied. In addition, some experts have suggested that the South China Sea dispute cannot be solved in isolation from Chinas other maritime disputes in the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea.  [61]  These experts suggest that China may feel landlocked and therefore geographically disadvantaged.  [62]  Such a condition might make these maritime border disp utes more difficult to settle because the strategic stakes for a China encircled by discrete maritime boundaries would be too high. Given the reverberations from sporadic military confrontations in the South China Sea in recent years, all parties have reason to be vigilant for opportunities to pursue progress on the Spratly Islands issue. Ef

Defense of Marriage Act

In 1996, Congress enacted the Defense of Marriage Act (â€Å"DOMA†), which added the following definition to the United States Code: â€Å"†¦[T]he word â€Å"marriage† means only a legal union between one man and one woman as husband and wife, and the word â€Å"spouse† refers only to a person of the opposite sex who is a husband or a wife. † (Defense of Marriage Act sec. 3). Since the enactment of DOMA, however, five states (Iowa, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Vermont and Massachusetts) have come in direct conflict with the law by conferring full legal status to same-sex marriages.Thus, a same-sex couple may be legally married in their state of residence but would not be recognized as such under federal law. The Supreme Court, in light of its own binding precedent, must recognize that marriage, is a constitutionally-guaranteed, fundamental right of all citizens. Because DOMA interferes with such rights, it must be overturned as unconstitutional, and th e federal government must recognize same-sex marriages performed legally in states where such marriages are permitted. In a landmark post-DOMA case, the Supreme Court overturned its earlier decision in Bowers v.Hardwick, and held that state anti-sodomy laws restricting consensual sexual behavior between adults, same-sex or otherwise, were unconstitutional (Lawrence v. Texas 558). The Court held â€Å"†¦that our laws and tradition afford constitutional protection to personal decisions relating to marriage, procreation, contraception, family relationships, child rearing, and education†¦. Persons in a homosexual relationship may seek autonomy [in making these choices]†¦ just as heterosexual persons do† (Lawrence v. Texas 574). States’ ability to define or limit marriage is further diluted by the equal protection doctrine.The right to marry is fundamental and, as such, cannot be defined so as to apply to citizens on an unequal basis or on the basis of classi fication. The equal protection doctrine is derived from the Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution, which provides that no citizen of the United States or any state shall be denied â€Å"equal protection of the laws† (U. S. Constitution, amend. 14, sec. 1). Prior to 1996, the Supreme Court’s equal protection decisions progressively made strides toward greater personal freedoms and greater recognition of the fundamental rights of individuals.By defining marriage solely as a relationship between a man and a woman, Congress attempted to slam the door on decades of Supreme Court jurisprudence. The Supreme Court famously addressed the right to marry as a matter of equal protection in the 1967 decision of Loving v. Virginia. Striking down anti-miscegenation statutes in more than 20 states, the court held â€Å"[t]here can be no doubt that restricting the freedom to marry solely because of racial classifications violates the central meaning of the equal protection clauseâ €  (Loving v.Virginia 12). The Supreme Court has also recognized the right of prison inmates to marry (Turner v. Safley, 78). In so doing, the court addressed specifically whether the inability to consummate a marriage affects the constitutional protection afforded such a relationship. In her opinion for the court, Justice O’Connor wrote: â€Å"Many important attributes of marriage remain, however, after taking into account the limitations imposed by prison life†¦.[M]arriages†¦are expressions of emotional support and public commitment†¦hav[e] spiritual significance†¦ [and] [f]inally, marital status often is a precondition to the receipt of government benefits (e. g. , Social Security benefits), property rights (e. g. , tenancy by the entirety, inheritance rights), and other, less tangible benefits†¦. These incidents of marriage, like the religious and personal aspects of the marriage commitment, are unaffected by the fact of confinement or the pur suit of legitimate corrections goals.† (Turner v. Safley 95-96) All the minimal hallmarks of marriage enumerated by the Court in Turner can exist in a legal same-sex marriage; with the sole exception of the couple’s ability to obtain the federal government benefits denied them by DOMA. In a case that perhaps best encapsulates the Supreme Court’s belief in the breadth of the right to marry, the Court addressed a Wisconsin law that prevented people with child-support arrearages from marrying. (Zablocki v. Redhail, 434 U. S. 374 (1978)).In holding the law unconstitutional, the court stated that â€Å"[a]lthough Loving arose in the context of racial discrimination, prior and subsequent decisions of this Court confirm that the right to marry is of fundamental importance for all individuals† (Zablocki v. Redhail 384). If marriage is a right of â€Å"fundamental importance for all individuals,† (Id. ) it is necessarily a fundamental right for homosexual me n and women. In conclusion, the Defense of Marriage Act and the federal government’s failure to recognize legal same-sex marriages are unconstitutional.DOMA illegally interferes with the fundamental right of homosexual individuals to choose whom they wish to marry. The United States was undergoing a major conservative revolution at the time DOMA was passed. The times have changed. As Justice Kennedy wrote in 2003, seven years after DOMA was enacted, â€Å"†¦[T]imes can blind us to certain truths and later generations can see that laws once thought necessary and proper in fact serve only to oppress. As the Constitution endures, persons in every generation can invoke its principles in their own search for greater freedom† (Lawrence v.Texas, 579). It is time for the Supreme Court of this generation to lift the oppression of DOMA and require the federal government to recognize legal same-sex marriages. Works Cited Defense of Marriage Act, U. S. Statutes at Large 2419 (1996): sec. 3. Desylva v. Ballentine, 351 U. S. 570 (1956). Lawrence v. Texas, 539 U. S. 558 (2003). Loving v. Virginia, 388 U. S. 1, 12 (1967). Turner v. Safley, 482 U. S. 78 (1987). Zablocki v. Redhail, 434 U. S. 374 (1978).

Gender Inequality Is A Prominent Issue Globally - 1864 Words

Abigail Yeo Zhi Yi 311 Gender inequality is a prominent issue globally. Gender inequality is defined as unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender. Around the world, women are not treated as equally as men. In 2015, only 50% of the world’s working-age women were in the labor force, compared to 77% of working-age men. In this essay, I will be focusing on gender inequality in China and Japan and the causes and effects of gender inequality in both countries, as well as whether gender inequality will be reduced with education. Francis Bacon once said, â€Å"Knowledge is power.† Education is important in reducing gender inequality for a few main reasons. Firstly, education can empower women. Education, be it vocational or academic, will give women the ability and skill to work and be useful in society. If a woman is given vocational education, she will have skills that she can put to use in a job and will be able to earn money. If a woman is given academic education, she will have greater knowledge and even be able to take up higher-ranking jobs. Secondly, education can change the mindsets of people about gender inequality. This applies not only for women, but for men too. Education could help people to realise that women should have the same rights as men and that gender inequality is wrong. People who receive education could spread awareness about the importance of education for women and fight for women’s rights, narrowing the gender gap. Thirdly,Show MoreRelatedThe Discrimination And Unequ al Treatment Of Individuals Based Solely On Their Gender1729 Words   |  7 PagesA very prominent social justice issue, gender inequality, is the discrimination and unequal treatment of individuals based solely on their gender. 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Transportation (Geology) Defined and Explained

Transportation is the movement of material across the Earths surface by water, wind, ice or gravity. It includes the physical processes of traction (dragging), suspension (being carried) and saltation (bouncing) and the chemical process of solution. During transportation, water preferentially carries away small particles in the process called washing. Wind does the same in the process called winnowing. The material not carried away may be left behind as a lag deposit or a pavement. Transportation and weathering are the two phases of erosion. Mass wasting is usually considered separately from transportation. Also Known As: Transport